(* horizontal normal at (x1,y1) *) nx={0,1,y1}/Sqrt[1+y1 y1]; (* vertical normal at (x1,y1) *) ny = {1,0,x1}/Sqrt[1+x1 x1]; (*horizontal hover*) Hx=2 (y1-y2)/Sqrt[1+y1 y1]/(1+x2 x2 + y2 y2) (*horizontal hover*) Hy=2 (x1-x2)/Sqrt[1+x1 x1]/(1+x2 x2 + y2 y2) (*true distance*) R=4 ((x1-x2) (x1-x2) + (y1-y2) (y1-y2))/Sqrt[1+x1 x1 + y1 y1]/Sqrt[1+x2 x2 + y2 y2]