STRING THEORY IMAGES:

Figure 1:

In this diagram, imagine starting with a four dimensional hypercube as in (a). Now lets say we can squeeze the four dimensional hypercube along its fourth dimensional axis so it becomes immeasurably small. Thus we would get what seems to be a cube, (b). Now continuing this analogy we get a square (c), a line (d), a point (e). Thus what now looks like a point, was once a hypercube that had all of its dimensions shrunk to an immeasurable point.

Figure 2:

If we magnify our space a billion billion billion billion times, then we would be able to observe the miniature and curled-up extra dimensions.

Figure 3:

Because the Planck size is so small it is difficult to create an everyday analogy. The ratio of the size of the average string compared to a proton in the nuclei of an atom, is the same as the ratio of a proton to our entire galaxy.

Figure 4:

The string on the left is wound while the other string is unwound.

Figure 5:

Again we use a lower-dimensional analogy to show what our universe would look like inside a negatively curved universe.

Figure 6:

This shows a galaxy in parallel universes A & B evolving in similar manner due to their mutual gravitational attraction.

Figure 7:

We see that the string in Universe A (with a radius or R time the Planck length) has a large winding energy but a small vibrational energy, while the string in universe B has a small winding energy but a large vibrational energy. If the size of the radius in Universe B is 1/R then these two strings will have identical physical properties.