In the search for the origin of linear perspective , one trivially has to look for the origin of geometry. Unfortunately there was no distinction between geometry, optics and perspective. At this stage one should better talk of science of appearances which is the Arabic name of this subject at this time. The earliest theories on this subject matter come from Euclid , and focus primarily on optics, our visual perception, rather than geometrical perspective. Euclid's optical theory is founded upon three observations of our visual perception: we see by straight lines, reflected lines as seen in a mirror, and broken lines as seen through the water. Euclid believes that vision is created by rays going from the eye to the object. Euclid was a "tactile" intuitionist himself, basing his theories on the actual measurement of objects without considering conventions of logic:
Most of the properties in Euclid's Elements are metrical, and it is not easy to find among them an example of purely descriptive theorem.(L. Cremona, Elements of Projective Geometry, Oxford, p. 38). ( note.1 )
Still, the Greeks definitely deserve significant credit for attempting the first step into the realm of geometry which began in 500 BC. Another important pioneer into the development of geometry was Thales but he seems to be more of a myth than a real person . The advancement of geometry flourished during the following three centuries and then for about seven centuries, geometry was just polished up (200 BC to 500 AD).
If you want to be linked to the Vatican exhibit of antique mathematical testimonies click here.
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